Ethernet

=Ethernet=

** Ethernet ** is a family of frame-based computer networking technologies for local area networks (LANs). It is standardized as IEEE 802.3. The combination of the twisted pair versions of Ethernet for connecting end systems to the network, along with the fiber optic versions for site backbones, is the most widespread wired LAN technology. It has been in use from around 1980 to the present, largely replacing competing LAN standards such as token ring, FDDI, and ARCNET.

Ethernet was developed at Xerox PARC between 1972 and 1975. The experimental Ethernet described in the 1976 paper ran at 3,000,000 bits per second (3 Mbit/s) and had eight-bit destination and source address fields, so the original Ethernet addresses were not the MAC addresses they are today. Metcalfe left Xerox in 1979 and convinced DEC, Intel, and Xerox to work together to promote Ethernet as a standard. Twisted-pair Ethernet systems were developed in the mid 1980s, beginning with StarLAN, and become widely known with 10BASE-T. These systems replaced the coaxial cable on which early Ethernets were deployed with a system of hubs linked with unshielded twisted pair (UTP). In 1989, Kalpana introduced ethernet switches which replaced the CSMA/CD scheme in favor of a switched full duplex system offering higher performance and at a lower cost than using routers.
 * History: **

Ethernet was originally based on the idea of computers communicating over a shared coaxial cable acting as a broadcast transmission medium. The methods used show some similarities to radio systems, although there are fundamental differences, such as the fact that it is much easier to detect collisions in a cable broadcast system than a radio broadcast. The common cable providing the communication channel was likened to the ether and it was from this reference that the name "Ethernet" was derived.
 * General Description: **



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Author: Sam Kim